Article 1256. The Effect of the Exclusive Right in Scientific, Literary and Artistic Works on the Territory of the Russian Federation

1. The exclusive right to scientific, literary and artistic works extends to:
1) the works promulgated on the territory of the Russian Federation or non-promulgated but located in any objective form on the territory of the Russian Federation, and it is recognised to be held by authors (their successors) irrespective of the citizenship thereof;
2) the works promulgated outside the territory of the Russian Federation or non-promulgated but located in any objective form outside of the territory of the Russian Federation, and it is recognised to be held by authors being citizens of the Russian Federation (their successors);
3) the works promulgated outside the territory of the Russian Federation or non-promulgated but located in any objective form outside the territory of the Russian Federation, and it is recognised on the territory of the Russian Federation to be held by authors (their successors) being citizens of other states or stateless persons in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation.

2. A work is also deemed promulgated for the first time by publication in the Russian Federation is within 30 days after the date of the first publication outside the territory of the Russian Federation it is published on the territory of the Russian Federation.

3. When in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation protection is provided to a work on the territory of the Russian Federation, the author of the work or another initial right holder shall be determined by the law of the state on whose territory the legal fact serving as a ground for the acquisition of copyright has taken place.

4. On the territory of the Russian Federation protection shall be granted to works in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation in respect of the works which have not passed into the public domain in the country of origin of the work due to the expiry of the exclusive right's duration established in that country for these works, and which have not passed into the public domain in the Russian Federation due to the expiry of the effective term of exclusive right thereto envisaged by the present Code.

When protection is granted to works under international treaties of the Russian Federation the effective term of the right to these works on the territory of the Russian Federation shall not exceed the effective term of the exclusive right established in the country of origin of the works.

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